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Shoulder impingement is characterized by posterior shoulder pain during overhead activities due to the compression of the rotator cuff tendons and the bursa against the acromion during arm elevation. This condition often results from repetitive overhead motions and can lead to inflammation and pain, particularly when the arm is raised.

In the case of shoulder impingement, the pain is frequently felt at the back of the shoulder, which can make it difficult for individuals performing overhead activities such as throwing, swimming, or lifting. These activities exacerbate the condition because they require the shoulder joint to move through a range of motion that increases the likelihood of pinching the tissues involved.

While a rotator cuff tear can also lead to similar symptoms, it is more associated with pain during specific movements and weakness rather than pain solely during overhead activities. Frozen shoulder generally involves stiffness and pain but is not specifically characterized by pain during overhead activities. Shoulder dislocation usually presents with acute, severe pain and noticeable deformity, rather than the chronic overload pain associated with impingement.